Resumen El liderazgo digital es crucial en el entorno actual, donde la tecnología desempeña un papel fundamental. Estudiar el liderazgo digital en estudiantes universitarios es de gran importancia, ya que representan una generación inmersa en la era digital y se espera que sean líderes en el futuro. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el liderazgo digital de estudiantes universitarios en un programa de licenciatura en administración en una universidad pública ubicada en el noroeste de México, a través de un cuestionario que mide habilidades digitales, confianza, libertad de expresión, discusión en equipo y planeación organizacional. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal en estudiantes de licenciatura en administración de una universidad pública en México. Se adaptó y utilizó un cuestionario propuesto por Nurabadi et al. (2022), que consta de 18 ítems agrupados en 5 dimensiones. Los resultados revelaron habilidades digitales promedio de 3.49, confianza de 3.79, libertad de opinión de 3.63, discusión en equipo de 3.93 y planeación organizacional de 2.60. En conclusión, es necesario desarrollar habilidades digitales, fomentar la confianza, promover la colaboración, libertad de expresión en el liderazgo digital de los estudiantes universitarios, así como mejorar la planeación estratégica en el entorno digital. Estos hallazgos proporcionan información valiosa para instituciones educativas y responsables de formación de líderes digitales, con el objetivo de preparar a los estudiantes para un mundo digitalizado y competitivo.

Abstract Digital leadership is crucial in today's environment, where technology plays a critical role. Studying digital leadership in university students is of great importance, since they represent a generation immersed in the digital age and are expected to be leaders in the future. The objective of the study was to evaluate the digital leadership of university students in a degree program in administration at a public university located in northwestern Mexico, through a questionnaire that measures digital skills, confidence, freedom of expression, team discussion and organizational planning. A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in administration undergraduate students from a public university in Mexico. A questionnaire proposed by Nurabadi et al. (2022), which consists of 18 items grouped into 5 dimensions. The results revealed average digital skills of 3.49, confidence of 3.79, freedom of opinion of 3.63, team discussion of 3.93, and organizational planning of 2.60. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop digital skills, build trust, promote collaboration, freedom of expression in the digital leadership of university students, as well as improve strategic planning in the digital environment. These findings provide valuable information for educational institutions and those responsible for training digital leaders, with the aim of preparing students for a digitalized and competitive world.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pre-apheresis peripheral blood CD34+ cell count (PBCD34+) is the most important predictor of good cell mobilization before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, albeit flow cytometry is not always immediately available. Identification of surrogate markers can be useful. The CD34+ cells proliferate after mobilization, resulting in elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and correlating with the PBCD34+ count. Objective: To determine the LDH cut-off value at which adequate CD34+ cell mobilization is achieved and its diagnostic yield. Materials and methods: A total of 103 patients who received an autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) between January 2015 and January 2020 were included. Demographic and laboratory characteristics were obtained, including complete blood count, pre-apheresis PBCD34+ and LDH levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to identify the optimal serum LDH activity cut-off points for ≥ 2 and ≥ 4 × 106 cells/kg post-mobilization CD34+ count and their diagnostic yield. Results: A post-mobilization serum LDH cut-off value of 462 U/L yielded a sensitivity (Se) = 86.8% (positive predictive value [PPV] = 72.7%), a pre- and post-mobilization serum LDH difference cut-off value of 387 U/L, an Se = 45.7% (PPV = 97%) and an LDH ratio of 2.46, with an Se = 47.1% (PPV = 97%) for an optimal mobilization count (CD34+ ≥ 4 × 106). Conclusion: The LDH measurement represents a fast and affordable way to predict PBCD34+ mobilization in cases where flow cytometry is not immediately available. According to the LDH diagnostic yield, it could be used as a surrogate marker in transplant centers, supporting the CD34+ count, which remains the gold standard.

Resumo O objetivo deste texto é compreender as atuais ameaças ao estado democrático de direito no Brasil e identificar a sua eventual base de apoio na sociedade. Uma base de apoio que está sendo recrutada entre novos personagens que entraram na cena de democrática nos últimos anos por meio da promoção de situações de stress institucional. O texto também defende uma postura para os juristas em face de tais ameaças na tensão entre lutas por direitos, utopias radicais e utopias institucionais. sociedade institucional direitos institucionais

Abstract The objective of this text is to understand the current threats to the democratic rule of law in Brazil and to identify its support base in society. A support base that is being recruited by extremists among new characters who have entered the democratic scene in recent years through the promotion of institutional stress situations. The text also defends a stance for jurists in the face of such threats in the tension between struggles for rights, radical utopias, and institutional utopias. society situations rights utopias

Resumen El carbonato de calcio está presente en muchas estructuras biológicas, como la concha de bivalvo, que se compone principalmente de dos polimorfos de CaCO3: calcita y aragonito. Sin embargo, existen otras formas de carbonato de calcio como vaterita y carbonato de calcio amorfo (ACC) que no se reportan comúnmente. La selección de polimorfos está influenciada por la concentración de sal, los iones cofactores y la presencia de proteínas de la matriz de la cubierta (SMP) que regulan la deposición de carbonato de calcio, entre otros factores. En este estudio, se evaluó la cristalización in vitro de carbonato de calcio de cuatro soluciones salinas diferentes (1: 40 mM CaCl2, MgCl2, 100 mM NaHCO3; 2: CaCl2, 100 mM Na2CO3; 3: 40 mM CaCl2, MgSO4, 100 mM Na2CO3; 4: CaCl2/MgCl2, 100 mM NaHCO3) en dos molaridades (40 o 100 mM)con diferentes concentraciones la proteína Ps19 (0.2, 0.7 y 1.2 µg/µL) una proteína insoluble extraída de la concha de Pteria sterna, descrita anteriormente como promotora de la cristalización de plaquetas de aragonita. Las cristalizaciones in vitro mostraron que Ps19 es capaz de inducir la deposición de aragonita y calcita de forma dependiente de la dosis, pero también de vaterita en determinadas condiciones, actuando como promotor e inhibidor de la cristalización. Los resultados contribuyen a comprender cómo Ps19 controla la precipitación de polimorfos de calcio en el crecimiento de la capa prismática y de nácar de la concha de P. sterna.

Abstract Calcium carbonate is present in many biological structures such as bivalve shells, which is composed mainly of two CaCO3 polymorphs: calcite and aragonite. However, other forms of calcium carbonate exist like vaterite and amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) that are not commonly reported. Polymorph selection is influenced by salt concentration, cofactor ions, and the presence of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) which regulates calcium carbonate deposition, among other factors. In this study, in vitro calcium carbonate crystallization of four different saline solutions (1: 40 mM CaCl2, MgCl2, 100 mM NaHCO3; 2: CaCl2, 100 mM Na2CO3; 3: 40 mM CaCl2, MgSO4, 100 mM Na2CO3; 4: CaCl2/MgCl2, 100 mM NaHCO3) at two molarities (40 o 100 mM) was evaluated with increased concentrations of the Ps19 protein (0.2, 0.7 y 1.2 µg/µL), an insoluble extracted protein from the Pteria sterna shell, previously described as a promotor of aragonite platelet crystallization. In vitro crystallizations showed that Ps19 is capable to induce aragonite and calcite deposition in a dose-dependent manner, but also vaterite under certain conditions, acting as a promoter and inhibitor of crystallization. The results contribute to understand how Ps19 control precipitation of calcium polymorphs in the growth of the prismatic and nacre layer of the shell of P. sterna.

Abstract: The primary objective of this research study is to characterize the gasification of oil-palm frond and trunk obtained as residual biomass from oil-palm crops by using air as a gasifying agent. Screening type experimentation is applied by using a downflow free-fall reactor. At 800°C and 0.24 equivalence relation (ER), the results for oil-palm frond show a yield of 1.85 Nm3 gas/kg dry biomass and a heating value of 4.08 MJ/Nm3. For oil-palm trunk, the yield is 1.30 Nm3 gas/kg dry biomass and the heating value is 4.56 MJ/Nm3. The gas obtained has the potential to generate 1.05 kW-h/kg dry biomass for oil-palm frond and 0.90 kW-h/kg of dry biomass for oil-palm trunk. In conclusion, energetic utilization of residual biomass (fronds and trunks) should be explored in Colombia to optimize oil-palm economic and environmental production processes in a circular economy scheme.

Resumen: El principal objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar la gasificación de hojas y tallos obtenidos como biomasa residual en el cultivo de palma de aceite utilizando aire como agente gasificante. Se desarrolla una experimentación tipo barrido y se utiliza un reactor de caída libre de flujo descendente. A 800°C y relación de equivalencia (ER) de 0.24, los resultados muestran para las hojas un rendimiento de 1.85 Nm3 gas/kg biomasa seca y un poder calorífico inferior de 4.08 MJ/Nm3. Para el tallo se obtiene 1.30 Nm3 gas/kg biomasa seca y poder calorífico inferior de 4.56 MJ/Nm3 . El gas obtenido tiene un potencial de generación de energía eléctrica de 1.05 kW-h/kg de biomasa seca para hojas y 0.90 kW-h/kg de biomasa seca para tallo. En conclusión, el aprovechamiento energético de las biomasas residuales (hojas y tallo) debería ser explorado en Colombia para optimizar económica y ambientalmente los procesos de producción de aceite de palma en un esquema de economía circular.

Resumen: Se ha demostrado que la variabilidad de la relación marginal capital producto es la que determina la tasa de crecimiento de las economías según el modelo de Harrod, por ello, es importante predecir su comportamiento. Este trabajo desarrolla una metodología basada en la caminata al azar probabilista para predecir la relación marginal capital producto anual de Colombia para el 2017 con base en la información de la base de datos Penn World Table desde 1993 hasta 2016. Se encontró que esta variable posee órdenes matemáticos subyacentes, lo que permite su predicción con una precisión del 97,69%.

Abstract: It has been shown that the variability of the marginal capital product ratio is what determines the growth rate of economies according to Harrod’s model; therefore, it is important to predict its behavior. This paper develops a methodology based on probabilistic random walk to predict the annual marginal capital product ratio of Colombia for the year 2017 based on information from the Penn World Table database from 1993 to 2016. It was found that this variable has underlying mathematical orders, which allows its prediction with an accuracy of 97.69%.

Abstract Recently, interest in studying pigments from lichens has been aroused due to their bioactive properties and health benefits. The Geolashon (Teloschistes flavicans) is a thousand-year-old lichen from the Peruvian Andes characterized by its yellow filaments, traditionally used by the Peruvian inhabitants as a natural pigment for making handicrafts and medicinal purposes. In this sense, this article aims to compile all the studies on Geolashon as a source of natural yellow pigments, starting from its importance and applications by the Andean population to research on obtaining, characterizing, and properties of its extracts. Although studies on this lichen are limited, it was observed that the obtained from lichen are rich in 3-[1’-(2”,3”-dihydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-7-hydroxy- chroman-4-one, vicanicin, parietin, other compounds and has antidiabetic, antibacterial, antileukemic, antimicrobial, anticancer and termiticide activity that would be interesting for use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural industries, generating added value in the final product. Aspects such as processing, functional properties, and toxicology of the bioactive components of Geolashon must be studied for its correct use.

Abstract This article focuses on the main contributions of the European project Uncharted on emerging values in European cultural governance, relying on a wide document analysis, focus groups and interviews with a plethora of actors. By analyzing four Iberian case studies we seek to identify the diversity of values that shape cultural policy decisions and practices, focusing on the tensions and conflicts between the actors involved and their valuations. It will be shown that actors mobilize around disputes over the hierarchy of values, which requires an understanding of the contexts in which each repertoire is established, even if the conflictuality is exercised within the same model of cultural policy, prevalent in the two Iberian countries.

Résumé Cet article se concentre sur les principales contributions du projet européen Uncharted sur les valeurs émergentes dans la gouvernance culturelle européenne, en s’appuyant sur une large analyse documentaire, des groupes de discussion et des entretiens avec une pléthore d’acteurs. En analysant quatre études de cas ibériques, nous cherchons à identifier la diversité des valeurs qui façonnent les décisions et les pratiques de la politique culturelle, en nous concentrant sur les tensions et les conflits entre les acteurs impliqués et leurs valorisations. On montrera que les acteurs se mobilisent autour de conflits sur la hiérarchie des valeurs, ce que nécessite une compréhension des contextes dans lesquels chaque répertoire est établi, même si la conflictualité s’exerce au sein d’un même modèle de politique culturelle, prévalant dans les deux pays ibériques.

Resumen Este artículo se centra en las principales aportaciones del proyecto europeo Uncharted sobre los valores emergentes en la gobernanza cultural europea, basándose en un amplio análisis documental, grupos de discusión y entrevistas con una gran cantidad de actores. Mediante el análisis de cuatro estudios de caso ibéricos se pretende identificar la diversidad de valores que conforman las decisiones y prácticas de política cultural, centrándose en las tensiones y conflictos entre los actores implicados y sus valoraciones. Se demostrará que los actores se movilizan en torno a las disputas sobre la jerarquía de valores, lo que exige comprender los contextos en los que se establece cada repertorio, aunque la conflictividad se ejerza dentro del mismo modelo de política cultural, predominante en los dos países ibéricos.

Resumo Este artigo centra-se nos principais contributos do projeto europeu Uncharted sobre os valores emergentes na administração cultural europeia, apoiando-se numa vasta análise documental, em grupos focais e entrevistas a uma plêiade de atores. Analisando quatro estudos de caso ibéricos, procura-se identificar a diversidade de valores que moldam as decisões e práticas de política cultural, com foco nas tensões e conflitos entre os atores envolvidos e as suas valorações. Demonstrar-se-á que os atores se mobilizam em torno de disputas sobre a hierarquia de valores, o que exige uma compreensão dos contextos em que cada reportório se estabelece, ainda que a conflitualidade se exerça dentro de um mesmo modelo de política cultural, prevalecente nos dois países ibéricos.

Abstract Homegardens (HF) are traditional agroforestry systems that favor interconnection with the natural vegetation surrounding the home and provide multiple benefits to people. This study evaluated ecological attributes as richness, structure and floristic diversity in HF of the southeast in Morelos state and analyzed the relationship between management practices in these spaces with the metrics previously described from a biocultural perspective. Interviews (N=60) and sampling were carried out in 60 HF in the company of the owner, with the purpose of knowing the forms of use and management of biocultural resources, species composition and local names. Furthermore, a structural characterization was performed in each HF using the Value Index of Relative Importance (IVIR) and Forest Value Relative Index (IVFR), whereas α-diversity indices were estimated. The HF in the study area are mainly managed by women. The species present in these areas are used for 11 different categories of use, including ornamental (61.3%), food (17.7%) and medicinal (16.5%). Nine different management practices associated with the use of the species, the shape and surface of the land and the location of the land were directly associated with the spatial and structural configuration of the HF. The richness present in the studied HF was 329 species, 47% of which were native and from the surrounding tropical deciduous forest. The Fabaceae family was the most outstanding in terms of the number of species. Both the IVIR and IVFR point out that Spondias purpurea, Leucaena leucocephala and Carica papaya are the species that dominate structurally, due to intensive management for their use as food. The diversity registered in these rural HF is considerably high (H'= 3.08), so it is suggested that these socially constructed systems function as reservoirs of agrobiodiversity in the southern region of the state, and that in order to safeguard the biocultural legacy they harbor, efforts are required to recognize the socioeconomic and cultural factors that cause changes in their management.

Resumen Los huertos familiares (HF) son sistemas agroforestales tradicionales que favorecen la interconexión con la vegetación natural circundante al hogar y proveen múltiples beneficios a sus usuarios. Este estudio evaluó atributos ecológicos de riqueza, estructura y diversidad florística en HF del sureste del estado de Morelos, y analizó la relación entre las prácticas de manejo en estos espacios con las métricas previamente descritas desde una perspectiva biocultural. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas (N=60) y muestreos en 60 HF en compañía del propietario, con el propósito de conocer las formas de uso y manejo de los recursos bioculturales, la composición de especies y los nombres locales. Además, se realizó una caracterización estructural en cada HF mediante el Índice de Valor de Importancia Relativo (IVIR) e Índice de Valor Forestal Relativo (IVFR), y se estimaron índices de diversidad α. Los HF en el área de estudio son manejados principalmente por mujeres. Las especies presentes en estos espacios se emplean para 11 diferentes categorías de uso, entre las que destacan la ornamental (61.3%), alimenticia (17.7%) y medicinal (16.5%). Nueve diferentes prácticas de manejo asociadas al uso de las especies, la forma y superficie del terreno y la ubicación de éste estuvieron directamente asociadas a la configuración espacial y estructural de los HF. La riqueza presente en los HF estudiados fue de 329 especies, 47% de las cuales son nativas y procedentes del bosque tropical caducifolio circundante. La familia Fabaceae fue la más sobresaliente por el número de especies. Tanto el IVIR como el IVFR indican que Spondias purpurea, Leucaena leucocephala y Carica papaya son las especies que dominan estructuralmente debido al manejo intensivo por su uso como alimento. La diversidad registrada en estos HF rurales es considerablemente alta (H´= 3.08), por lo que se plantea que estos sistemas socialmente construidos funcionan como reservorios de la agrobiodiversidad de la región sur de la entidad, y que para salvaguardar el legado biocultural que albergan, se requieren esfuerzos dirigidos al reconocimiento de los factores socioeconómicos y culturales que originan cambios en su manejo.

Abstract Sperm motility and kinematics analysis are important to predict bull fertility. However, there are other molecules in the sperm with the ability to improve the pregnancy rate. For example, PLCZ1 is a sperm protein that plays a unique role in the activation of the zygote and is important for the survival of the embryo. The objective of this work was to compare the expression of PLCZ1 mRNA in sperm cells of Chihuahuan Criollo and European bulls in the winter and summer seasons, under a low-input system. Six (3.33 ± 0.43 years old) bulls (three Criollo, three European) were used. Gross and individual motility were measured in semen obtained by electrostimulation. The cell pack was pelletized by centrifugation and stored in liquid nitrogen. The sperm cells were purified and total RNA was extracted. cDNA was synthesized to perform qPCR and measure the relative level of PLCZ1 transcripts in each bull. There were no differences in individual motility, however, gross motility was lower (P < 0.05) in Criollo bulls, both in the winter (71.1 ± 2.8 vs. 76.6 ± 2.8%) and in the summer season (58.9 ± 2.8 vs. 77.7 ± 2.8%). PLCZ1 expression was 5.3 times higher (P < 0.05) in winter than in summer (5.09 ± 1.09 vs 0.959 ± 1.09). No difference (P>0.05) was found in the expression levels of PLCZ1 between both breeds (4.36 ± 1.09 vs 1.69 ± 1.09), for Criollo and European, respectively. Although the animals presented seminal motility within the recommended limits for insemination, the expression levels of PLCZ1 vary depending on the time of the year and this might impact the rate of successful pregnancies. Therefore, it is important to complement conventional analysis of seminal quality with molecular characteristics.

Abstract The Yarinacocha lake is an emblematic ecosystem of the Peruvian Amazon, representing the main point of fish landing and a tourist attraction in the city of Pucallpa. The wide fauna diversity in this area has made it the target of various studies, although for fish species most of them were focused on commercial species. In this work, we carried out the first ichthyofauna species inventory of the Yarinacocha lake, sampling throughout the entire lake during the rainy and dry seasons and considering also all previously recorded species deposited in the Ichthyological Collection of the MUSM with the same locality. A total of 164 fish species were recorded, representing 10 orders (plus Eupercaria), 34 families and 116 genera. Characiformes was the order with more species (68 spp., 41.5%) followed by Siluriformes (59 spp., 36%), Cichliformes (17 spp., 10.5%), and Gymnotiformes (8 spp., 4.9%). The most highly represented families, including almost 55.5% of the total diversity obtained, were Characidae (23 spp., 14%), followed by Cichlidae (17 spp., 10.4%), Loricariidae (14 spp., 8.5%), Pimelodidae (13 spp., 7.9%), Doradidae (13 spp., 7.4%) and Anostomidae (12 spp., 7.3%). From the total fish species recorded in this study, only 22 are considered protected species following the IUCN criteria and 109 species have commercial importance, including 90 ornamental species (54.8%). Our results contribute to the knowledge of the ichthyofauna of the Yarinacocha lake and can be used as a starting point for its conservation and sustainable management over time.

Resumo O lago Yarinacocha é um ecossistema emblemático da Amazônia peruana, representando o principal ponto de desembarque de peixes e também uma atração turística da cidade de Pucallpa. A grande diversidade faunística nesta área a tornou alvo de vários estudos, embora para as espécies de peixes a maioria deles tenha sido focada em espécies comerciais. Neste trabalho, realizamos o primeiro inventário da ictiofauna do lago Yarinacocha, amostrando todo o lago durante as estações chuvosa e seca, e também considerando todas as espécies depositadas na Coleção Ictiológica do MUSM dessa localidade. Um total de 164 espécies de peixes foram registradas, representando 10 ordens (mais Eupercaria), 34 famílias e 116 gêneros. Characiformes foi a ordem com mais espécies (68 espécies, 41,5%), seguida por Siluriformes (59 espécies, 36%), Cichliformes (17 espécies, 10,5%) e Gymnotiformes (8 espécies, 4,9%). As famílias mais representadas, incluindo quase 55,5% da diversidade total obtida, foram Characidae (23 spp., 14%), seguido por Cichlidae (17 spp., 10,4%), Loricariidae (14 spp., 8,5%), Pimelodidae (13 spp., 7,9%), Doradidae (13 spp., 7,4%) e Anostomidae (12 spp., 7,3%). Do total de espécies de peixes registradas neste estudo, apenas 22 são consideradas espécies protegidas seguindo os critérios da IUCN e 109 espécies têm importância comercial, incluindo 90 espécies ornamentais (54,8%). Nossos resultados contribuem para o conhecimento da ictiofauna do lago Yarinacocha e podem ser utilizados como ponto de partida para sua conservação e manejo sustentável ao longo do tempo.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate uterine involution using ultrasonography techniques during postpartum. Postpartum ultrasonography evaluation (B-mode, color Doppler and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse elastography) of the uterus was performed by transabdominal approach at immediate after birth and sequentially every 48 hours, during 30 days. The uterine echotexture did not present significant variations (P >0.05) being homogeneous in most evaluations; echogenicity of the uterus increased along the evaluation period (P =0.0452). Progressive and remarkable decrease of the total uterine diameter (UD) were observed (P <0.0001), especially during the first days postpartum. The thickness of uterine wall gradually decreased, as well the endometrial, myometrium and lumen diameters (P <0.0001). Uterine blood flow was assessed by Doppler and decreased during postpartum period, being significantly lower (P=0.0225) on the 30th day of postpartum. Uterine parenchyma presented as homogeneous dark areas (not deformable) on qualitative ultrasound elastography and the means shear velocity values of the uterine wall on quantitative elastography did not differ. This is the first study that evaluate the stiffness of uterine wall in healthy ewes, providing baseline data about quantitative and qualitative stiffness of the normal uterus, and it may be a useful tool for early diagnosis of uterine alterations during the postpartum period, using the reference parameter established for the assessment of uterine integrity during postpartum period.

Abstract This study aimed to compare the physical profile and motor profile of children from 6 to 10 years old, according to their level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Participated 2036 children from 6 to 10 years old from São José dos Pinhais - PR. Assessed variables were stature, corporal mass, Body mass index (BMI), physical fitness (PF), and gross motor coordination (GMC). The CRF was assessed by the total distance during the 6 minutes walking test. A battery of tests KTK evaluated the GCM. The children were classified according to their levels of CRF (low-moderate-elevated). Differences between groups were tested using ANOVA one way. Data analysis was made in the SPSS software, with a meaningfulness of 5%. Children with low levels of CRF showed higher values of adiposity. On the PF tests, children with low levels of CRF showed higher values of prehension and worse performance in the other tests. Regarding GMC, children with low levels of CRF had lower coordinative performance. Meaningful differences were found in the comparisons between different groups (low-moderate, low-elevated) with an advantage in the results in moderate levels of CRF. Obtaining average levels of CRF can bring protective benefits in other variables in children's growth process and development during infancy. Evaluating the CRF doesn't only get a momentary evaluation. Still, it can also do the monitoring of an essential variable of health, as well as indicate a predisposition about other physical-motor variables.

Resumo Comparar o perfil físico e motor de crianças dos 6 aos 10 anos, conforme os seus níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória (AptC). Participaram do estudo 2036 crianças de seis a 10 anos de idade de São José dos Pinhais-PR. Foram avaliados estatura, massa corporal, índice de massa corporal (IMC), aptidão física (AptF) e coordenação motora (CMG). A AptC foi avaliada pela distância total percorrida no teste de seis minutos. A CMG foi avaliada por meio da bateria de testes KTK. As crianças foram classificadas em função dos níveis de AptC (baixo-moderado-elevado). Diferenças entre grupos foram testadas utilizando da ANOVA one way. As análises dos dados foram realizadas no software SPSS, com nível de significância em 5%. Crianças com menor nível de AptC apresentam maiores valores médios adiposidade. Nos testes de AptF, crianças com níveis baixos de AptC apresentaram maiores valores de preensão e pior desempenho nos demais testes. Relativamente à CMG, crianças com baixos níveis de AptC apresentaram piores desempenho coordenativo. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas para as comparações entre os outros grupos (baixo-moderado; baixo-elevado) com vantagem nos resultados nos níveis moderados a elevados de AptC. Obter níveis moderados de AptC pode trazer benefícios protetores em diferentes variáveis do processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento de crianças durante a segunda infância. Avaliar a AptC não traz somente uma avaliação momentânea, como pode ser feito o monitoramento de uma importante variável de saúde bem como indicar uma predisposição sobre outras variáveis físico-motoras.

ABSTRACT Research related to vehicle routing and its applications reveals the interest in supporting the authorities in solving society’s problems. In this way, a bi-objective model of mixed integer linear programming and metaheuristics based on genetic algorithm and local search, applied to reverse logistics by green open vehicle routing, is presented. The process consists of collecting solid urban waste at collection points, contributing to urban sustainability through the route plan determined by the proposal, optimizing distances and costs as well; it also measures the fuel consumption of the vehicles from their departure from the depot to the last collection point, as well as the CO2 emissions during routing. The proposals, implemented in GLPK and Python, obtain results in various scenarios. The model generates solutions quickly in scenarios between 5 and 25 collection points. For larger scenarios it does not find solutions within the time limit of 7200 seconds. The metaheuristics have greater potential as for 31 collection points, the processing time was 2.3 seconds which is a good indication for larger scenarios. Three Sectors of Trujillo city are tested to evaluate our proposal.